The Reserve Bank of India released on its website today, the Draft Guidelines for "Licensing of New Banks in the Private Sector". The Reserve Bank has sought views/comments on the draft guidelines from banks, non-banking financial institutions, industrial houses, other institutions and the public at large. Suggestions and comments on the draft guidelines may be sent by October 31, 2011 to the Chief General Manager, Reserve Bank of India, Department of Banking Operations and Development, Central Office, 13h floor, Central Office Building, Shahid Bhagat Singh Marg, Mumbai-400001 or emailed.
Final guidelines will be issued and the process of inviting applications for setting up of new banks in the private sector will be initiated. After receiving feedback, comments and suggestions on the draft guidelines, and after certain vital amendments to Banking Regulation Act, 1949 are in place.
Key features of the draft guidelines are:
(i) Eligible promoters: Entities / groups in the private sector, owned and controlled by residents, with diversified ownership, sound credentials and integrity and having successful track record of at least 10 years will be eligible to promote banks. Entities / groups having significant (10 per cent or more) income or assets or both from real estate construction and / or broking activities individually or taken together in the last three years will not be eligible.
(ii) Corporate structure: New banks will be set up only through a wholly owned Non-Operative Holding Company (NOHC) to be registered with the Reserve Bank as a non-banking finance company (NBFC) which will hold the bank as well as all the other financial companies in the promoter group.
(iii) Minimum capital requirement: Minimum capital requirement will be ` 500 crore. Subject to this, actual capital to be brought in will depend on the business plan of the promoters. NOHC shall hold minimum 40 per cent of the paid-up capital of the bank for a period of five years from the date of licensing of the bank. Shareholding by NOHC in excess of 40 per cent shall be brought down to 20 per cent within 10 years and to 15 per cent within 12 years from the date of licensing of the bank.
(iv) Foreign shareholding: The aggregate non-resident shareholding in the new bank shall not exceed 49 per cent for the first 5 years after which it will be as per the extant policy.
(v) Corporate governance: At least 50 per cent of the directors of the NOHC should be independent directors. The corporate structure should be such that it does not impede effective supervision of the bank and the NOHC on a consolidated basis by the Reserve Bank.
(vi) Business model: Should be realistic and viable and should address how the bank proposes to achieve financial inclusion.
(vii) Other conditions:
The exposure of bank to any entity in the promoter group shall not exceed 10 per cent and the aggregate exposure to all the entities in the group shall not exceed 20 per cent of the paid-up capital and reserves of the bank.
The bank shall get its shares listed on the stock exchanges within two years of licensing.
The bank shall open at least 25 per cent of its branches in unbanked rural centres (population upto 9,999 as per 2001 census)
Existing NBFCs, if considered eligible, may be permitted to either promote a new bank or convert themselves into banks.
(viii) In respect of promoter groups having 40 per cent or more assets / income from non-financial business, certain additional requirements have been stipulated.
Background
It may be recalled that pursuant to the announcement made by the Union Finance Minister in his budget speech and the Reserve Bank's Annual Policy Statement for the year 2010-11, a discussion paper on "Entry of New Banks in the Private Sector" was placed on RBI website on August 11, 2010. The discussion paper marshalled international practices, Indian experience as well as the extant ownership and governance (O&G) guidelines. The Reserve Bank had sought views/comments from banks, non-banking financial institutions, industrial houses, other institutions and the public at large. Discussions were also held with major stakeholders to seek their comments and suggestions on the issues raised in the paper. The gist of comments on various issues received through email and letters and discussions was placed on Reserve Bank's website on December 23, 2010. The draft guidelines have been prepared based on the responses received, extensive internal discussions and consultation with the Government of India.
This is a rare interview done by Steve Jobs dated 1985 by Playboy.
1 of 1 File(s) http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/Ways-2gain/attachments/folder/1920435566/item/list
1 of 1 File(s) http://in.groups.yahoo.com/group/Ways-2gain/attachments/folder/1920435566/item/list
September and October are the most dangerous months for the financial markets. This September will be no exception. Things are shaping up for a catastrophic sovereign debt collapse! Germany is about to blow a hole in the Eurozone bow! Got physical gold yet? (emphasis mine)
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German Chancellor Angela Merkel no longer has enough coalition votes in the Bundestag to secure backing for Europe's revamped rescue machinery, threatening a consitutional crisis in Germany and a fresh eruption of the euro debt saga.
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Mrs Merkel has cancelled a high-profile trip to Russia on September 7, the crucial day when the package goes to the Bundestag and the country's constitutional court rules on the legality of the EU's bail-out machinery.
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If the court rules that the €440bn rescue fund (EFSF) breaches Treaty law or undermines German fiscal sovereignty, it risks setting off an instant brushfire across monetary union. The seething discontent in Germany over Europe's debt crisis has spread to all the key institutions of the state. "Hysteria is sweeping Germany " said Klaus Regling, the EFSF's director.
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German media reported that the latest tally of votes in the Bundestag shows that 23 members from Mrs Merkel's own coalition plan to vote against the package, including twelve of the 44 members of Bavaria's Social Christians (CSU). This may force the Chancellor to rely on opposition votes, risking a government collapse.
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Christian Wulff, Germany's president, stunned the country last week by accusing the European Central Bank of going "far beyond its mandate" with mass purchases of Spanish and Italian debt, and warning that the Europe's headlong rush towards fiscal union stikes at the "very core" of democracy. "Decisions have to be made in parliament in a liberal democracy. That is where legitimacy lies," he said.
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A day earlier the Bundesbank had fired its own volley, condemning the ECB's bond purchases and warning the EU is drifting towards debt union without "democratic legitimacy" or treaty backing.
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Joahannes Singhammer, leader of the CSU's Bundestag group, accused the ECB of acting "dangerously" by jumping the gun before parliaments had voted. The ECB is implicitly acting on behalf of the rescue fund until it is ratified.
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A CSU document to be released on Monday flatly rebuts the latest accord between Chancellor Merkel and French president Nicholas Sarkozy, saying plans for an "economic government for eurozone states" are unacceptable. It demands treaty changes to let EMU states go bankrupt, and to eject them from the euro altogether for serial abuses.
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"An unlimited transfer union and pooling of debts for any length of time would imply a shared financial government and decisively change the character of a European confederation of states," said the draft, obtained by Der Spiegel.
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Mrs Merkel faces mutiny even within her own Christian Democrat (CDU) family. Wolfgang Bossbach, the spokesman for internal affairs, said he would oppose the package. "I can't vote against my own conviction," he said.
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The Bundestag is expected to decide late next month on the package, which empowers the EFSF to buy bonds pre-emptively and recapitalize banks. While the bill is likely to pass, the furious debate leaves no doubt that Germany will resist moves to boost the EFSF's firepower yet further. Most City banks say the fund needs €2 trillion to stop the crisis engulfing Spain and Italy.
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Mrs Merkel's aides say she is facing "war on every front". The next month will decide her future, Germany's destiny, and the fate of monetary union.
News Highlights - Week of 22 - 26 August 2011
Consumer price inflation in Hong Kong, China quickened to 7.9% year-on-year (y-o-y) in July due to increasing food prices and a low base effect resulting from the timing difference of government's public housing relief measures. Japan's core consumer price index rose slightly in July to 0.1% y-o-y as energy prices increased. Singapore's consumer price inflation accelerated to 5.4% y-o-y in July from 5.2% in June on the back of higher costs for transportation, accommodation, and food. Consumer price inflation in Viet Nam rose to its highest level since December 2008, reaching 23.1% y-o-y in August from 22.2% in July as costs for food surged.
*The Bank of Thailand last week raised its 1-day repurchase rate by another 25 basis points to 3.5%. This was the sixth consecutive rate hike since January. Heightened concerns over inflation outweighed the risks to growth as domestic consumption and investment are expected to remain robust.
*Moody's Investors Service lowered Japan's credit rating to Aa3 from Aa2. The outlook on the ratings is stable. Standard and Poor's affirmed its AAA sovereign credit rating and stable outlook for the Singapore government's long-term debt.
*On 24 August, the Japan Credit Rating Agency (JCR) affirmed Indonesia's ratings for long-term FCY and LCY senior debt at BBB- and BBB, respectively. The outlook for both ratings was stable.
*The People's Bank of China (PBOC) announced the expansion of the existing cross-border trade renminbi settlement program to include the entire country. During the first half of the year, the People's Republic of China's (PRC) total renminbi settlement in cross-border trade increased 13.3 times to reach RMB957.6 billion.
*The Republic of Korea's external debt position rose to USD398.0 billion in June. The country's outstanding household loans grew 8.7% y-o-y in July to reach KRW826 trillion. Finally, the credit default swap (CDS) spread for 5-year FCY-denominated government bonds widened to 149.2 basis points. LCY corporate bond issuance in the Republic of Korea was down 29.5% month-on-month (m-o-m) to KRW8.1 trillion in July. However, the cumulative corporate bond issuance over the January-July period stood at KRW75.1 trillion, which was up 9.3% y-o-y.
*Last week, KT Corporation of the Republic of Korea raised KRW600 billion from a triple-tranche bond sale. In Malaysia, YTL Power International sold MYR2.2 billion worth of 7-year notes with a coupon of 4.35%. In the Philippines, United Coconut Planters Bank issued PHP3.15 billion of LTNCD (long-term negotiable certificates of time deposit), which carry a coupon of 6.0% (payable quarterly) and have a maturity of 5 years and 3 months. Thai property developer Quality Houses raised a total of THB3 billion in bonds. Meanwhile, the State Railway of Thailand issued THB1 billion of 12-year bonds at a coupon of 3.99%.
*Government bond yields fell last week for most tenors in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, while yields rose for all tenors in Viet Nam and for most tenors in Hong Kong, China; and Singapore. Yield movements were mixed in the PRC, the Republic of Korea and Thailand. Yield spreads between 2- and 10- year maturities widened in Hong Kong, China; the Republic of Korea; Malaysia; the Philippines; Singapore; and Viet Nam, while spreads narrowed in the rest of emerging East Asian markets.
*WHAT'S NEW: The next edition of the Asia Bond Monitor will be launched on 1 September.
Update: sure enough, here is Ambrose Evans-Pritchard with his own perspective on just this topic, which is oddly comparable to Zero Hedge's: "Mrs Merkel's aides say she is facing "war on every front". The next month will decide her future, Germany's destiny, and the fate of monetary union."
Original:
Every time we discuss the futility of the nth bailout of [Greece\PIIGS\Europe\the Euro] we make it all too clear (most recently here and here) that the trade off between Germany onboarding ever more peripheral financial risk in one after another all too brief attempt to prevent the implosion of European capital markets and its currency, is not only a relentless creep higher in German default risk (and lower in the German stock market, as August has so violently demonstrated) but increasing political discontent, which after claiming countless political regimes across the world, has finally settled down on one that truly matters: that of German chancellor Angela Merkel. And as Reuters reports, Merkel's disappointing response to an ever escalating set of crises, both domestic and international, means that the beginning of her end (and by implication of the Eurozone, and of the Euro) may be as soon as September 23, when the vote over the expansion of the latest and greatest European bailout lynchpin, EFSF, will take place.
To wit: "Germany's Angela Merkel faces the biggest challenge to her leadership since coming to power in 2005, with traditionally loyal conservative allies openly criticizing her approach to the euro zone crisis and her hands-off Libya policy in shambles….it is Merkel's piecemeal approach to the euro zone's worsening debt crisis that has come under fire over the past week and now threatens her iron grip on power in Germany." The biggest problem for Merkel is that she has gone "Japanese" in the opinion of the public: doing neither nothing, nor enough, to halt the European crisis in its tracks: "For some in Germany, she has gone too farby bailing out stricken euro zone members and agreeing to intervention in the bond markets to prop them up. For others at home and abroad, she has not done enough, shirking bold steps that might solve the debt crisis because they would be unpopular at home." This latest attempt to placate everyone, while achievingprecisely the opposite, will come to a head on September 23 when the vote to expand the EFSF takes place: she is for the time being expected to have a sufficient number of votes to pass the critical for the eurozone proposal. "If it's not enough, Merkel would be forced to resign. It would lead to a crisis." And should there be a crisis, it will be the end for the European experiment as well, since with the political situation at the Euro's biggest financial backer in flux, the free fall in European risk will be one that no one, certainly not the ECB, will be able to arrest. Cue even more improvised bailouts by the central banker oligarchy, yet without Germany, the credibility of any and all such deseprate measures will be nil. This incremental political uncertainty will likely make the life of the FOMC's Sept 20-21 meeting slightly easier, as an adverse monetary announcement by the Fed, contrary to that priced in, coupled with the risk of a full blown European crisis, will be very frowned upon by the Status QuoTM.
From Reuters:
Seen for much of the past six years as a reliable, steady leader whose competence and knack for brokering deals made up for a lack of bold vision, Merkel's image has taken a beating over the past months and polls show an increasing number of Germans view her government as directionless.
The chancellor's troubles can be traced back to two decisions taken in March, when she abruptly dropped her long-standing support for nuclear power in the aftermath of the Fukushima disaster in Japan, and days later backed Germany's abstention from a U.N. vote authorising military action in Libya.
Coming shortly before a crucial state election, which her conservatives subsequently lost, the steps looked to many in Germany and abroad like cynical political ploys to placate domestic opinion.
For some in Germany, she has gone too far by bailing out stricken euro zone members and agreeing to intervention in the bond markets to prop them up. For others at home and abroad, she has not done enough, shirking bold steps that might solve the debt crisis because they would be unpopular at home.
This conflict will come to a head next month.
Merkel's coalition has a comfortable 20-seat majority in the lower house of parliament. But if she is hit with dissent in her own ranks, and is forced to rely on opposition parties to pass legislation to expand the single currency bloc's rescue mechanism — the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) — then her coalition could collapse, sparking early elections.
"The euro crisis entered a new phase over the past week," influential German weekly Der Spiegel said on Sunday.
"Before the main question had been how the common currency could be saved. Now it is also about saving Merkel's chancellorship. If her coalition does not deliver a majority for the enhanced euro rescue mechanism in the autumn, people close to the chancellor say, the coalition is all but finished."
On the significance of September 23:
The chances of Merkel failing to secure her own majority in the EFSF vote, which is likely to take place on Sept. 23, still seem slim.
Her Christian Democrats (CDU), hovering at a weak 30 percent in opinion polls, have little incentive right now to bring forward an election that is not scheduled to take place until the autumn of 2013.
Merkel's conservative bloc — composed of the CDU, Bavarian Christian Social Union (CSU) and Free Democrats (FDP) — has shown discipline in previous euro zone aid votes, with only a handful of lawmakers rebelling.
"I expect she will get majority backing from her own coalition," said Gerd Langguth, a political scientist at Bonn University and biographer of Merkel, putting the number of dissenters at around fifteen.
"If it's not enough, Merkel would be forced to resign. It would lead to a crisis. No one is interested in an early election."
Slim… but getting bigger:
Critical voices from within the party have grown louder over the past week, with senior CDU lawmaker Wolfgang Bosbach vowing publicly to vote against the EFSF increase and popular Labour Minister Ursula von der Leyen — seen as a potential successor to Merkel — wading into the euro zone debate with comments that went against official policy.
Helmut Kohl enters the frey:
Perhaps most damaging of all, however, was former Chancellor Helmut Kohl's rare public criticism of his protege last week. Kohl plucked Merkel out of obscurity in East Germany after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, bringing her into his cabinet and helping to launch one of the most unlikely and astonishing political careers that Germany has ever seen.
In an interview with newspaper Internationale Politik, Germany's longest-serving post-war leader and father of reunification broke his silence and unleashed a broadside against Merkel's foreign policy, saying it lacked direction and risked undermining Germany's global influence.
"The enormous changes in the world can be no excuse for having no view or idea where you belong and where you are going," Kohl, 81, said.
Yet not even the EFSF vote will do much to help Europe if the German economic implosion (documented here, here and here) continues. Should her own GDP not rebound, it won't matter one bit whether Merkel succeeds in sending the PIIGS to unseen economic golden ages.
However the biggest threat to her hold on power, should she survive the EFSF vote next month, could be the slowing German economy. Data over the past two weeks showed that Europe's biggest economy ground to a virtual halt in the second quarter of the year.
Business confidence plunged this month by its largest amount since shortly after the bankruptcy of U.S. investment bank Lehman Brothers in 2008. Some economists now see the risk of a recession in Germany.
The country's robust rebound from the global economic downturn of 2008/2009, and sinking unemployment, was one asset Merkel thought she could count on heading into the next election.
Now that support is crumbling too, wiping away some more of the magic that she exuded in her first years in office, when she was celebrated in Germany and abroad as the "Gipfelkoenigen" — or Summit Queen — for brokering deals with in the EU and G8.
"Her downfall may not come from the euro crisis, but simply from the fact that she has lost the shine, the sure footing that she had at the start," said Josef Joffe, editor of German weekly Die Zeit.
At the end, should Merkel drop out of the picture, and Europe be left with finding scraps of capital everywhere else it can, we can't wait for the ensuing hilarity as the future of a failed European experiment then proceeds to be a burden on the far narrower shoulders of one (AAA-rated) Nicholas Sarkozy.
